The Gemara in Pesachim (106a-b) says that Rav Bruna said that one who washed his hands (Netillas Yedayim) can no longer say Kiddush on Friday Night. The gemara, however, argues with this statement by quoting a story of how Rav would sometimes make Kiddush using wine and other times he would use bread. What is the reason for Rav Bruna's ruling and how exactly does Rav's ruling conflict with that of Rav Bruna?
1. The Rashbam says that Rav Bruna was telling us once you washed your hands for bread, saying Kiddush is considered a hefsek (interruption) between the washing and the bread. Thus, you should listen to someone else's Kiddush and once finished you can go make Hamotzi. Rav argued on this however, and said you don't have to hear someone else's Kiddush rather just make Kiddush on bread. However, even Rav would agree that saying Kiddush on wine would be a hefsek between washing and Hamotzi.
2. The Rif and Rambam, as quoted by the Ran, say that once you wash Netilas Yedayim you are showing that you want to eat bread more than drink wine, thus once you wash you can not make Kiddush on wine, because you don't wine, and Rav Bruna held you can't make Kiddush on bread so therefore you were out of options. However, comes Rav and argues and says you are allowed to make Kiddush on bread and thus if you washed already (and shown you want to eat bread) make Kiddush on bread.
1. The Rashbam says that Rav Bruna was telling us once you washed your hands for bread, saying Kiddush is considered a hefsek (interruption) between the washing and the bread. Thus, you should listen to someone else's Kiddush and once finished you can go make Hamotzi. Rav argued on this however, and said you don't have to hear someone else's Kiddush rather just make Kiddush on bread. However, even Rav would agree that saying Kiddush on wine would be a hefsek between washing and Hamotzi.
2. The Rif and Rambam, as quoted by the Ran, say that once you wash Netilas Yedayim you are showing that you want to eat bread more than drink wine, thus once you wash you can not make Kiddush on wine, because you don't wine, and Rav Bruna held you can't make Kiddush on bread so therefore you were out of options. However, comes Rav and argues and says you are allowed to make Kiddush on bread and thus if you washed already (and shown you want to eat bread) make Kiddush on bread.
The Rambam paskins that one can make Kiddush on bread, lchatchila if he desires it more or if there is no wine, and B'di'eved if he washed by accident.
3. Ba'al Hamaor says that not only is it forbidden to make Kiddush once you eat, but even once you wash you hands you can not make Kiddush, because once you wash your hands you are showing you would rather eat, so the Rabbi's punished you and forbade you from making Kiddush. However, comes Rav and says if you washed, while you lost out on making Kiddush with wine, you can still make it on bread.
4. Rabbenu Tam says that once you wash you can't make Kiddush because Rav Bruna holds that you can make Kiddush outside (Yais Kiddush Shelo B'makom Seuda) and thus there will be a lot of time between washing and Hamotzi, and perhaps your Netillas Yedayim is a Beracha L'evatala. However, Rav holds Ein Kiddush Ela B'makom Seuda and thus you'll be near the table, so a lot of time won't pass between washing and Hamotzi. According to Rabbenu Tam when Rav says he made Kiddush on bread, that does not mean you can make Kiddush on bread (for Rabbenu Tam holds that isn't allowed), rather Rav meant since he was close to his table he made kiddush on wine and then immediatly ate some bread.
5. Fifth Pshat- If you wash and then make Kiddush with wine, looks like you washed on wine and Ga'aveh to wash before fruits.(don't have source)
4. Rabbenu Tam says that once you wash you can't make Kiddush because Rav Bruna holds that you can make Kiddush outside (Yais Kiddush Shelo B'makom Seuda) and thus there will be a lot of time between washing and Hamotzi, and perhaps your Netillas Yedayim is a Beracha L'evatala. However, Rav holds Ein Kiddush Ela B'makom Seuda and thus you'll be near the table, so a lot of time won't pass between washing and Hamotzi. According to Rabbenu Tam when Rav says he made Kiddush on bread, that does not mean you can make Kiddush on bread (for Rabbenu Tam holds that isn't allowed), rather Rav meant since he was close to his table he made kiddush on wine and then immediatly ate some bread.
5. Fifth Pshat- If you wash and then make Kiddush with wine, looks like you washed on wine and Ga'aveh to wash before fruits.(don't have source)
6. Sixth Pshat- Like Rabbenu Tam except issue isn;t a time issue, its a hefsek issue. Rav Bruna held Yeish Kiddush Shelo Bmakom, therefor since Kiddush isn't required to be said at the table, it is a hefsek to the washing/Motzi. However, Rav who requires Kiddush B'makom will reason that Kiddush is as much part of a meal as anything else and thus not a hefsek to washing/Motzi.(again, don't have source).
7. Shut HaRashba- Rav Bruna was saying if you wash your hands first it shows a zilzul (disregard) for Kiddush. However, once Rav teaches us that you can make Kiddush with bread the fact that I am washing before Kiddush isn't a disregard anymore, for perhaps I am washing because I am going to make Kiddush on bread. Further, once it's not a zilzul better to wash your hands first because wacky to come to table then leave to wash then come back to table. It is better to first wash and then come to the table for meal, then to leave table right after you just arrived.
This idea of the Rashba is quoted by the Rema in the Shulchan Aruch as the minhag for all Ashkenazim. But as we mentioned earlier only Yekkies do this. Why don't the rest of us?
The Mishna Brurah writes that following the Rashba is a risk, because if he is wrong all the other rishonim will say you made Beracha L'evitallas because once you wash you can't make Kiddush on wine. So it is better to play it safe, because even the Rashba says it is allowed to wash after Kiddush, then risk the Rashba being wrong.
But then why do the Yekki's follow the Rashba?
Either because, as we mentioned above, it looks weird to leave table once you arrive, or perhaps, as the Taz writes, since if you were making Kiddush on bread you would wash before Kiddush, so the Rabbis made a uniform rule (Lo plug) that you always wash before Kiddush, even if on wine.
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